Nature-based Solutions for flood resilience on Bonaire : A scoping study

The World Wide Fund for Nature Netherlands (WWF-NL) asked Wageningen Environmental Research (WENR) to carry out a scoping study to assess weather impacts on Bonaire and explore the potential of Nature-based Solutions (NbS) to reduce future environmental impacts from extreme weather events and improve flood resilience. Existing data was collected, literature was reviewed and on-site interviews were conducted on Bonaire with different types of stakeholders. By investigating the system and its hydrological, ecological and socio-economic components we describe a ‘pathway to impact’ of the up- and downstream processes that increase the risk of flooding. Tackling urban flooding and the impact of heavy rain requires an integral approach with hybrid solutions. NbS implementations can support the ameliorating of flood resilience on Bonaire. Upstream revegetation, the greening of kunukus (rural areas) and water retention can help to improve infiltration and slow down runoff. In addition, revitalization of rooien (waterways) and buffer zones can slow down discharge and reduce flood peaks. More room for green and water creates a safer and healthier living environment in the downstream urban area of Kralendijk.