Ungulates

Within the Caribbean Netherlands overgrazing by roaming cattle is considered a serious threat to terrestrial ecosystems. The conseuqentil erosion on land forms a serious threat to marine ecosystems. Roaming cattle primarily consists of goats, but also donkeys, cattle and increasingly pigs. 


Bonaire

Goat habitat [% of total landmass]

Goat distribution per habitat type [average sightings per 500 m transect]

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After: Lagerveld et al.(2015)