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Main Findings
The main climate change vulnerabilities for Bonaire are: an increase in the intensity of hurricanes and tropical storms, an increase in...
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Part of the larger report available here.
Executive summary
Small islands are particularly vulnerable to climate change because of their fragile...
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Abstract
The experiences of overseas territories and how their varying degrees of self-governance influence climate (in)action are overlooked topics...
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Concerned at Lack of Mention of the Impacts of Climate Change During Address of King Willem Alexander at the Joint Session of the States-General of...
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Part of the larger The impacts of climate change on Bonaire (2022-present) report available here.
Summary
Climate change causes many problems,...
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Nederlands and Papiamentu below.
Last May, the Dutch Caribbean Nature Alliance (DCNA)‘s research intern Nina Zander requested via (social) media...
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May 16th 2022- Today the DCNA launches a Climate Action Plan for the Dutch Caribbean. This plan provide concrete recommendations for all our islands...
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Small islands are particularly vulnerable to climate change because of their fragile ecosystems, small economies, and often extensive, low-lying...
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Part of the larger The impacts of climate change on Bonaire (2022-present) report available here.
Summary
Climate change is the biggest “global...
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Abstract
Small Islands (SIs) often have a small capacity to resist or recover from the increasing impacts of climate change and, therefore,...
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Abstract
Small Islands (SIs) often have a small capacity to resist or recover from the increasing impacts of climate change and, therefore,...
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Dutch, Papiamento, and Papiamentu below
On Tuesday May 16th, 2023, the Minister for Climate and Energy, Drs. Rob Jetten, and his delegation visited...
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On January 7th Minister van Engelshoven of Education, Culture and Science of The Netherlands announced that the project Island(er)s at the Helm: Co-...
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Abstract
This study addresses the governance around climate change policies in two small islands in the Southern Caribbean. Like many other small...
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This report was created to highlight the most important climate change predictions for St. Eustatius and to highlight possible impacts on the island...
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The Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean (ECLAC) Subregional Headquarters for the Caribbean wishes to acknowledge the assistance...
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Part of the larger The impacts of climate change on Bonaire (2022-present) report available here - https://www.dcbd.nl/document/impacts-climate-...
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MSc Environment and resource management - Thesis
Abstract
Building resilience against climate change is a field of study which as...
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The seasonality of hydroclimate during past periods of warmer than modern global temperatures is a critical component for understanding future...
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This Synthesis Report is based on the reports of the three Working Groups of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), including relevant...
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Dutch, Papiamento, and Papiamentu below
On Tuesday, May 9th, 2023, the Minister for Climate and Energy, Drs. Rob Jetten, and his delegation visited...
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In this report we review and assess possible consequences of climate change for the biodiversity of the Dutch BES islands (Bonaire, Saba and St....
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Project description
Title: Increasing resilience to climate change and adaptive capacity of Bonaire National Marine Park
Time: July...
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Introduction
Caribbean islands are at the forefront of the climate crisis, with effects already starting to become noticeable in the region. Experts...
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Part of the larger The impacts of climate change on Bonaire (2022-present) report available here
Summary
This paper studies the macroeconomic...
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This research focuses on calculating the environmental impact, such as carbon footprint, of the food basket of an island, by using life cycle...
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Tropical dry forest (TDF) is globally one of the most threatened forest types. In the insular Caribbean, limited land area and high population...
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The most recent climate change projections show a global increase in temperatures along with precipitation changes throughout the 21st century....
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Part of the larger The impacts of climate change on Bonaire (2022-present) report available here.
Summary
This study aims to identify the extent to...
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Willemstad – The 2021 Dutch Caribbean Nature Alliance (DCNA) Convention began with a workshop on climate change resiliency. The workshop served as a...
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Abstract
It is becoming increasingly clear that Caribbean islands are very vulnerable to the effects of climate change, such as sea level rise,...
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We examine whether Caribbean islands will be worse off as hurricane activity alters under climate change. To this end, we construct island level...
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This paper examines historical and future changes in normalised damages resulting from climate-related natural disasters for the Caribbean....
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Nederlands, Papiamento and Papiamentu below.
On Saturday, June 18th 2022, State Secretary Her Excellency Drs. Alexandra van Huffelen visited the ...
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Conditions all around the world are changing due to climate change. These changes can be felt throughout all environments, from changing water ...
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A 10-member ensemble from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5) is used to analyse the Caribbean’s future climate when mean...
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Coral reefs are among the world’s most endangered ecosystems. Coral mortality can result from ocean warming or other climate-related events such as...
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Research Report
Introduction
Environmental sex determination (ESD) in sea turtles occurs as temperature-dependent sex determination (TSD), whereby...
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Bonaire or Boneiru, as it is known in Papiamentu, is a Dutch Caribbean island. An island full of heritage, gorgeous sunset views and a place that...
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A recent study showed that a critically endangered migratory predator species, the Balearic shear- water Puffinus mauretanicus, rapidly expanded...
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A 200-year time series of incubation temperatures and primary sex ratios for green (Chelonia mydas), hawksbill (Eretmochelys imbricata) and...
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Rising temperatures, ocean acidification and increased storm frequency are threatening coastal Caribbean ecosystems. An important group of organisms...
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Summary
Over the last 10 years, the Caribbean Netherlands fisheries on Saba and St. Eustatius have been monitored and multiple assessment reports...
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The global increase in atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration is potentially threatening marine biodiversity in two ways. First, carbon dioxide and...
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This powerpoint walks through the recently published position paper entitled Nature based Solutions’: essential to safeguard the Dutch Caribbean...
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Effects of long-term trends in climatic variability on the morphodynamics of a reflective and a dissipative sandy beach in Uruguay (SW Atlantic Ocean...
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Atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration is expected to exceed 500 parts per million and global temperatures to rise by at least 2°C by 2050 to 2100...
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The most recent climate change predictions for the Caribbean region (2013/2014) by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) are alarming...
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Evolutionary theory predicts that male and female offspring should be produced at a 1:1 ratio, but this may rarely be the case for species in which...
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Healthy mangroves act as carbon sinks, storing a variety of greenhouse gases. As mangroves degrade this ability is lost, but to what extend is still...
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Dutch below
Two new position papers presented to the Dutch Parliament, by the Dutch Caribbean Nature Alliance and Wageningen University and Research...
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Dutch below
A study by Wageningen University and Research set-up a series of design sessions, workshops and interviews to describe a vision for...
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The effect of climate change on fragile populations of endemic and endangered species has become a topic of special concern, with one creature that...
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This paper is part of a series on the developments that relate to the Aruban landscape. To bring perspective to current environmental threats and...
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Dating the transport/deposition time of supratidal coarse-clast deposits is difficult, limiting their value for inferring frequency-magnitude...
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The study of temperature-dependent sex determination (TSD) in vertebrates has attracted major scientific interest. Recently, concerns for species...
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A Commentary on
Managing Recovery Resilience in Coral Reefs Against Climate-Induced Bleaching and Hurricanes: A 15 Year Case Study From Bonaire,...
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Concerted mangrove research and rehabilitation efforts over the last several decades have prompted a better understanding of the important ecosystem...
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The conservation status of 845 zooxanthellate reef-building coral species was assessed by using International Union for Conservation of Nature Red...
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Smalls islands are especially vulnerable to climate change and land use changes due to the competing needs for limited resources. To support...
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Abstract
Reconstruction of past conditions provides important information on how ecosystems have been impacted by climate change, but generally for...
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Increasing incubation temperatures may threaten the viability of sea turtle populations. We explored opportunities for decreasing incubation...
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Abstracts:
TOURISM IN THE CARIBBEAN: CHALLENGES FOR THE MANAGEMENT OF FISHERIES & CORAL REEF ECOSYSTEMS (Sponsored by CORALINA & GCFI)
Kyne...
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Nederlands, Papiamento and Papiamentu below.
DCNA has been actively promoting a nature focused agenda both within The Netherlands and...
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Bonaire, one of the Dutch Caribbean islands, is facing major challenges: managing (mass) tourism and population growth, preventing high erosion rates...
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Bonaire National Marine Park (BNMP) is a marine protected area (MPA) surrounding Bonaire, a small coral island in the Caribbean. Its purpose is to...
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Bonaire is facing major challenges including (mass) tourism, population growth, urban expansion, climate change, biodiversity loss and the unilateral...
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The 71st annual conference of the Gulf and Caribbean Fisheries Institute (GCFI) was held in San Andres, (Colombia) from 5–9 November 2018. This...
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Highlights
• We identified up to 161 human-derived conflicts which are related to marine turtle conservation initiatives.
• We found that each...
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In recent years, there has been an increase in the detection of UV filters from sunscreens in coastal waters. A new study by Wageningen University...
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Kralendijk – The upcoming convention of the Dutch Caribbean Nature Alliance (DCNA) will focus on governance, climate change, and youth engagement in...
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The evolution of tolerance to future climate change depends on the standing stock of genetic variation for resistance to climate-related impacts [1,...
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Wageningen Research recently published an alarming report on the natural resources of the three Dutch Caribbean islands Bonaire, Saba and St....
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A recent report released by STINAPA notes the occurrence of coral bleaching on Bonaire between 2016 and 2020. During this study, coral bleaching was...
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NetBiome-CSA is a European funded project that aims to extend and strengthen research partnerships and cooperation for the smart and sustainable...
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Abstract:
Coral reefs have been more severely impacted by recent climate instability than any other ecosystem on Earth. Corals tolerate a narrow...
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Several mechanisms have been shown to influence species richness among island ecosystems, yet most studies limit their focus to a few predictor...
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Introductie
De eerste effecten van de klimaatcrisis zijn nu al zichtbaar in het Caribische gebied en de verwachting is dat dit in de komende jaren...
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Nederlands, Papiamentu and Papiamento below
Ocean charity makes initial grant of $90,000 to marine parks on six Dutch Caribbean islands. Award will...
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2nd edition (2022) including maps of futures with accompnaying trend projections and indicators.
1st edition (2020).
This is a story about one...
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New research led by Swansea University’s College of Scienceand recently published in Scientific Reportshas reported effective conservation strategies...
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Between November 23rd and the 27th, the Dutch Caribbean Nature Alliance (DCNA) held its annual Nature Convention on Curaçao. Due to covid-19...
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Summary PHD Thesis
The genetic diversity and structure of natural populations is the product of past and present ecological and evolutionary ...
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Wageningen Research recently published an alarming report on the natural resources of the three Caribbean Netherlands islands (Bonaire, Saba and St....
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Nederlands, Papiamento and Papiamentu below.
The Dutch Caribbean Nature Alliance (DCNA) recently supported the attendance of representatives from...
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Coral reef resilience is the capacity of a reef to resist or recover from degradation and maintain provision of ecosystem goods and services (Mumby...
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The Scientific Committee (SC) of the IAC meets annually to discuss the annual reports of the member countries, and threats and impacts on sea turtles...
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Kralendijk – The recently concluded Dutch Caribbean Nature Alliance (DCNA) convention reminded participants that nature is big business. However,...
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Wageningen Research recently published an alarming report on the state of nature for the three Dutch Caribbean islands (Bonaire, Saba and St....
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The detrimental effect of climate change induced bleaching on Caribbean coral reefs has been widely documented in recent decades. Several studies...
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An IPCC special report on the impacts of global warming of 1.5 °C above pre-industrial levels and related global greenhouse gas emission pathways, in...
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From cutting edge 3D models to innovative management techniques, 2022 poses to be an exciting year for St. Eustatius National Parks Foundation (...
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Assisted gene flow (AGF) is a conservation intervention to accelerate
species adaptation to climate change by importing genetic
diversity into at-...
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Aruba, Curaçao, St. Maarten, Bonaire, Saba and St. Eustatius form the Dutch Caribbean within the Kingdom of the Netherlands. The Kingdom of the...
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Mapping the land cover of Bonaire based on very high resolution PLEIADES satellite data of 2014-2016
Bonaire is rich in natural terrestrial...
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Receives Letter of Support from Royal Patron Princess Beatrix of the Netherlands
The Nature Conservation Network Organization the Dutch Caribbean...
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A semi-detailed landscape-based vegetation map (scale: 1: 37,500) is presented for the 13 km2 Lesser Antillean steep volcanic island of Saba,...
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Dutch below
Tilapia, a freshwater fish originally from Africa, introduced to the islands of Aruba, Curacao and St. Maarten, has managed to rapidly...
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Abstract:
Globally, all extant sea turtles species are endangered due to centuries of uncontrolled exploitation, furthermore they face future threats...
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Somatic growth dynamics are an integrated response to environmental conditions. Hawksbill sea turtles (Eretmochelys imbricata) are long-lived, major...
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Somatic growth dynamics are an integrated response to environmental conditions. Hawksbill sea turtles (Eretmochelys imbricata) are long-lived, major...
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Kralendijk – The Dutch Caribbean Nature Alliance’s (DCNA) bi-annual board meeting took place during the recent convention held in Curaçao. Their...
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MANGROVES ARE VITAL COMPONENTS OF THE PLANET’S COASTAL ECOSYSTEMS. Mangroves sequester carbon at up to four times the rate of terrestrial forests,...
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Sint Eustatius is a Caribbean island located in the north of the Lesser Antilles. The coastline west of the capital, Oranjestad Bay, is of vital...
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Throughout the Caribbean, like in the rest of the world, the abundance of marine fish species have been declining over the past decades. The health...
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The National Nature Policy Plan 2001-2005 (NPP-5) and its current status of implementation was assessed as a first step towards a new Nature Policy...
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The National Nature Policy Plan 2001-2005 (NPP-5) and its current status of implementation was assessed as a first step towards a new Nature Policy...
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There is strong link between economy and nature in the Dutch Caribbean due to our economic dependence on nature-based tourism. TEEB Aruba - The...
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Between October 25th and 28th, Bonaire’s Mangrove Maniacs hosted their first Mangrove Restoration Workshop . The goal was to provide a platform for...
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Nederlands, Papiamento and Papiamentu below.
The Caribbean Shark Coalition (CSC) met for their first in-person summit in St. Maarten from September...
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To inform decision makers about the most effective strategies to protect the ecosystems of Bonaire, a full-scale valuation of all ecosystem services...
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Introduction to the sixth edition of the UAUCU Student Research Exchange Collected Papers
This volume presents research reports and personal...
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Global climate change is having widespread effects on the world’s oceans. Particularly vulnerable to changing global conditions are coral reefs,...
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In early September 2017, Irma was the most powerful hurricane that struck the northern Caribbean over the last 100 years. In the 21stcentury, the...
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Fishers and divers are the major resource users of Caribbean coral reefs. On Curaçao and Bonaire, reef condition is good relative to the Caribbean...
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The majority of the world population is living in cities, and population and urbanization rates are expected to grow further, raising challenges for...
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Following climate change, IAS are recognised as the second-most serious long-term threat to island ecology, worldwide. Of all IAS issues, by far the...
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There has been a recent increase in public awareness of environmental issues as the effects of climate change have become ever more noticeable in our...
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Abstract
Worldwide, coral reef health is declining rapidly due to both global stressors (climate change) and local stressors (pollution). Reef...
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BioNews is a newsletter produced by the Dutch Caribbean Nature Alliance (DCNA) which focuses on science and conservation in the Dutch Caribbean....
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This study focuses on 12 years of physical oceanography data, collected during the Palmer, Antarctica, Long-Term Ecological Research program (PAL...
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Caribbean flora and fauna have always coped with the destructive forces of hurricanes. However, climate change leading to an increase in their...
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Abstract:
Saba is the smallest of the three Windward Islands in the Netherlands Antilles, with an area of 13 km2. Saba is the northernmost island...
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The Saba Bank remained an unexplored and mysterious offshore submerged carbonate platform until very recently. Research on the Saba Bank was first...
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Why were these guidelines written?
Leptospirosis is a worldwide public health problem. In humid tropical and subtropical areas, where most developing...
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Coral reef social-ecological systems worldwide face major impacts from cli- mate change, and spatial variation in vulnerability is driven by...
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An international research team will come to Bonaire from 21 October to 9 November 2019 to investigate its marine biodiversity. Although Bonaire’s...
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Fundacion Parke Nacional Aruba (FPNA) recently highlighted their successes and struggles of 2021 and gave a brief preview of their Multi-Annual...
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Abstract:
Coastal tourism destinations face a range of climate-related changes. Prevailing challenges include understanding emerging changes and...
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Abstract.
Coastal regions and islands are among the most popular tourist destinations. They are also highly vulnerable to climate change. Much...
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A number of studies have investigated the effect of climate change on sea turtles, such as the loss of nesting beaches from sea level rise (Fish et ...
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MSc thesis
Shifts of coral reefs towards alternative states occur due to local and global stressors. Although global stressors are expected to...
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Abstract:
K-selected species with low rates of sexual recruitment may utilise storage effects where low adult mortality allows a number of...
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This is the first part of the Marine Scientific Assessment The State of Curacao's Coral Reefs document. For part 2 click here, for part 3 here ...
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Urbanization and climate change are producing an escalation in the prevalence of urban problems, particularly those connected to flooding, prompting...
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https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/entities/publication/4819e505-9dfa-4...
Abstract
Historical losses due to hurricanes have been significant in...
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Highlights
• The Caribbean region is being negatively impacted by the invasive lionfish.
• Management efforts by eight Caribbean islands addressing...
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FORCE project is an integrated research project which takes an ecosystem approach, linking social and ecological aspects towards managing Caribbean...
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Results from a series of designs sessions, workshops and interviews describe a vision for Bonaire in 2050. In this vision, measures to combat...
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Abstract
Mass coral bleaching is becoming more frequent and widespread and poses a major threat to coral reefs worldwide. Mass coral bleaching is a...
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STINAPA report
Mass coral bleaching is becoming more frequent and widespread and poses a major threat to coral reefs worldwide. Mass coral bleaching...
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This discussion paper assesses the state of knowledge on tropical dry forests as it relates to CIFOR’s strategy and identi es research opportunities...
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The Caribbean is a biodiversity hotspot due to its rich biodiversity and wholesale loss of primary vegetation. Yet, there is a paucity of studies on...
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St. Maarten is one of the islands forming the inner arc of the Lesser Antilles. It is older than Saba and St. Eustatius. The oldest rock strata date...
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Executive Summary:
The eleventh field season of the Aruba Tern Project was completed in 2009. The study continued its stated aim of producing a...
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I. Introduction
A. Geography, climate, extended dry periods, tankis and earthen dams, and vegetation Aruba, Curaçao, and Bonaire, together with the...
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Willemstad – A group of engaged teens and young adults had the opportunity to discuss youth engagement in nature conservation and nature education...
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Msc. thesis
Tropical seagrass meadows are vital coastal ecosystems threatened by both storm activity and human interference. Intense hurricane...
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Highlights
• Review on coralita invasion (Antigonon leptopus) on islands yielded 46 papers.
• Main influencing factors are overgrazing, human...
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Abstract:
Coral bleaching due to global warming currently is the largest threat to coral reefs, which may be exacerbated by altered water quality....
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Nederlands, Papiamento and Papiamentu below.
The Dutch Caribbean Nature Alliance (DCNA) is excited to announce the 2022 Junior Ranger Exchange...
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Student Report
Relevance:
Invasive species and habitat destruction are seen as the biggest threats to biodiversity worldwide, especially on small...
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Only Four of Twenty Biodiversity Targets On Track to Achieve Goals in the Dutch Caribbean
A recently published report issued by the Kingdom of the...
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Msc. Thesis
Case study St. Maarten
Key Points
• Sea level rise projections are deeply uncertain due to the contribution of the Antarctic ice sheet,...
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Mangroves are effective blue carbon sinks and are the most carbon rich ecosystems on earth. However, their areal extent has declined by over one-...
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The invasion of lionfish (Pterois miles and P. volitans) may prove to be one of the greatest threats of this century to warm temperate and tropical...
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Coralita is an invasive plant species, rapidly spreading across St. Eustatius. A recently published report highlighted the ability to use satellite...
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Wageningen University recently published an alarming report on the threatened natural resources on Bonaire, Saba and St. Eustatius. The Dutch...
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Plans for a cutting edge, underwater research station ‘PROTEUS™’ have recently been released. The modular design, inspired by coral polyps, will...
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A collaborative effort between private, government and university partners, has been working to develop a microalgae production test facility on...
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Introduction to the seventh edition of the UAUCU Student Research Exchange Collected Papers
This volume includes research reports and personal...
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Abstract
The capacity of coral reefs to maintain their structurally complex frameworks and
to retain the potential for vertical accretion is vitally...
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Using cryopreserved reproductive cells of elkhorn corals, researchers have crossbreed individuals from Florida and Puerto Rico with those of Curaçao...
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There are 330 parrot species worldwide, of which a third is threatened with extinction. The Yellow-shouldered Amazon (Amazona Barbadensis) is a...
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Worth Its Salt: Bonaire’s Cargill Salt Ponds Designated a Shorebird Site of Regional Significance
Imagine a vast expanse of rectangular saline ponds...
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December 13th marked the beginning of an incredibly exciting and ambitious research expedition organized by the Royal Netherlands Institute of Sea...
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Content:
Chapter 1: Cranial Specializations of Parrotfishes, Genus Scarus (Scarinae, Labridae) for Scraping Reef Surfaces
By Kenneth W. Gobalet...
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The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) established the Coral Reef Ecosystem Integrated Observing System (CREIOS) to provide...
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A great part of the coral reef resources in the world are in danger of destruction due to over exploitation, degradation of habitat and, possibly,...
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As of 10 October 2010, Statistics Netherlands (CBS) is responsible for the collection and publication of statistical data on the three islands of the...
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To the Editor — e global ocean has absorbed 93% of the extra heat trapped by the Earth since 19701 and the rate of change in ocean heat content is a...
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This is the last part of the Marine Scientific Assessment The State of Curacao's Coral Reefs document. For part 1 click here, for part 2 here &...
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Identifying and overcoming bottlenecks in fisheries management on Bonaire.
Fishing is one of the oldest professions in the Dutch Caribbean. Many...
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The Caribbean is well known for its tropical islands fringed by beautiful coral reefs. However, reefs nowadays shift from coral dominance to...
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Surveillance of vector-borne diseases (VBDs) exemplifies a One Health approach, which entails coordinated, collaborative, multidisciplinary, and...
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Student Report
Coral reefs are one of the most important ecosystems in the world, in terms of both biological diversity and economy. These...
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Wageningen Research recently published an alarming report on the natural resources of the Caribbean Netherlands islands Bonaire, Saba and St....
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with a discussion on sampling mixed aggregations for demographic inferences
Student Report
Climate change is threatening sea turtles globally, and...
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Little has changed since Wallace (1876) and almost a century later Geijskes & Wagenaar Hummelinck (1951) wrote that only few have occupied...
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BioNews 48- Dutch Caribbean Newsletter
BioNews is a newsletter produced by the Dutch Caribbean Nature Alliance (DCNA) which focuses on science and...
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Manmade structures such as seawalls, breakwaters, and jetties are increasing in frequency in marine coastal environments. Overtime, these structures...
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A brand new, innovative floating coral fish breeding nursery is being tested at the Dive Friends Sand Dollar location on Bonaire. This project, led...
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Dutch below
A free-floating aquatic plant, water hyacinth, is becoming a significant issue for the islands of Aruba and Curacao. This plant can...
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The Caribbean islands of Bonaire, Saba, St.Eustatius, Aruba, Curacao and St. Maarten are part of the Kingdom of the Netherlands. The islands have a...
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Diseases of oceanic species are difficult to research due to the ocean‟s vast size and the overall logistics involved in studying disease in...
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Saba and St. Eustatius/Sint Eustatius (Statia) represent geologically young (less than a million years) Pleistocene island arc volcanoes that rise at...
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The direct and indirect impacts of the increase in human population, in particular the growing demand for food, as well as various aspects of climate...
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Alterations in predation pressure can have large e ects on trophically-structured systems. Modi cation of predator behaviour via ocean warming has...
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Plastic pollution is one of today’s most pressing global challenges. An estimated 4-12 billion kg of plastic enter our oceans annually, where it is...
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Student Report
Every year hundreds of thousands of people are affected by natural disasters that occur due to various physical phenomenon. They...
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This report describes a field visit to the Caribbean island of Bonaire aiming at collection of field data on the arid vegetation, which consists...
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Sint Eustatius was hit by two major hurricanes, Irma and Maria, during the high-intensity season of 2017. Two new studies aid our understanding of...
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ABSTRACT Communicating research findings to a lay public comes with a range of challenges, as can be seen in the considerable literature on Science...
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Summary
Vegetated coastal ecosystems provide important ecosystem services on which humans depend. Mangrove and seagrass ecosystems function as a...
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Abstract:
A semi-detailed landscape-based vegetation map (scale: 1: 37,500) based on field data from 1999 has been available as an update of Stoffers...
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Several proxy-based and modeling studies have investigated long-term changes in Caribbean climate during the Holocene, however, very little is known...
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Benthic habitats (habitats occurring at the bottom of a water body) and coral reef ecosystems provide many functions. Currently, however, worldwide...
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Species conservation is becoming an important aspect in marine environments. Climate change and anthropogenic interactions have had a direct impact...
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An unprecedented regional study of turtle growth rates by Bjorndal et al, compiled scientific data on hawksbill turtle growth rates collected over a...
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Following governments’ policies to tackle global climate change, the development of offshore renewable energy sites is likely to increase...
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Student Thesis
Coral reef ecosystems are considered the most productive and diverse of all marine systems. However, these are being dramatically...
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Options for acquisition and management of the northwestern part of Saba.
Since 2004, Saba’s overall economic objective has been to generate growth of...
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The climate in Curaçao is semi-arid to arid. Every century several extended periods of drought occur with practically no rain. A whole system of...
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The Caribbean and Western Atlantic region hosts one of the world’s most diverse geopolitical regions and a unique marine biota distinct from tropical...
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The aim of the paper is to elaborate how St. Eustatius can develop its agricultural sector in an environmentally sustainable way, while...
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Abstract
Curaçao is a Small Island Development State in the Wider Caribbean Region. In the scope of sustainable development and the UN SDGs, these...
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Abstract
This research paper aims to understand how Aruba’s plant ecosystem is shaped and affected by the constant wind pressure present on the...
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Two years ago we shared the worrying news that the Bridled Quail-dove population had suffered a significant decline on St. Eustatius (Statia)...
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Achtergrond
Caribisch Nederland (Bonaire, Saba en St. Eustatius) en de Koninkrijkspartners Aruba, Curaçao en Sint Maarten worden nu en in de komende...
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Dutch, Papiamentu and Papiamento below
From the 21st to the 23rd of November 2022, the Dutch Caribbean Nature Alliance (DCNA) together with...
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Dutch below
ORANJESTAD, ARUBA – Fundacion Parke Nacional Aruba (FPNA) in collaboration with Wageningen University...
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Corals have built reefs on the benthos for millennia, becoming an essential element in marine ecosystems. Climate change and human impact, however,...
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Understanding how organismal design evolves in response to environmental challenges is a central goal of evolutionary biology. In particular,...
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Dutch below
In their 2019 paper, Sea Turtle Conservation Bonaire (STCB) used sea turtle data collected between 2003 and 2018 to estimate abundance...
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A semi-detailed landscape-based vegetation map (GIS; scale: 1: 37,500) is presented for the 21 km2 Lesser Antillean island of St. Eustatius,...
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Findings on Marine Turtles
· Migration routes to and from nesting sites (typically index beaches) are variously known in the Caribbean,...
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This report characterizes the state of Bonaire’s reefs as of March 2005. We pay particular attention to structural and functional attributes of reefs...
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Seagrass meadows provide a spectrum of anthropogenically important ecological functions. However, these ecosystems are globally declining under human...
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The Dutch Caribbean islands are recognized worldwide for their healthy reefs and outstanding dive sites. Nevertheless, while these reefs are showing...
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Reef restoration activities have proliferated in response to the need to mitigate coral declines and recover lost reef structure, function, and...
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Abstract
The El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is the Earth’s strongest climate fluctuation on inter-annual time scales and has global impacts...
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The Dutch Caribbean island Bonaire has protected its marine resources for more than 35 years and has been ranked as one of the Caribbean’s top dive...
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Aruba’s natural capital value for tourism, culture, fishing and carbon exceeds US$ 287.3 million per year.
ARUBA, an island of 115,000 human...
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BioNews is a newsletter produced by the Dutch Caribbean Nature Alliance (DCNA) which focuses on science and conservation in the Dutch Caribbean....
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Action Plan for Caribbean Spiny Lobster consists of:
Threats: overfishing, disease, climate change
Management goals
Recommendations: management,...
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For more information, check: https://coralwatch.org
About CoralWatch
CoralWatch, based at The University of Queensland, Australia, is a well-...
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Tijdschrift Milieu
Volgens het laatste IPCC-rappor t zijn de effecten van klimaatverandering onomkeer- baar en zullen we moeten inzetten op...
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Researchers from University of Amsterdam and CARMBABI Foundation implemented 3-dimensional reef surveying techniques to improve representation of...
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Veerkracht tegen klimaatverandering verloren door stapeling van drukfactoren
- stijgingen in de lucht
- en zeewatertemperatuur
- zeespiegelstijging...
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Abstract: Over the past decades coastal ecosystems have been increasingly threatened and have been reducing at alarming rates. Similar is happening...
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Summary
The health of coral reefs is threatened by anthropogenic land-based input, which is a global problem. High nutrient conditions make corals...
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This project aims to provide trends substantiated with objective data about the size and botanical quality (species composition) of the terrestrial...
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Introduction The Caribbean is a region in the Americas with islands and coasts bordering the Caribbean sea. Three countries of the Kingdom of the...
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The introduction of goats to Bonaire in the 17th century, caused direct and indirect changes in both terrestrial and marine ecosystems and has led to...
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Free-living marine nematodes are a functionally and morphologically diverse group of animals. They have important ecological functions, many of which...
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Herbivory grazing patterns by parrotfish, family Scaridae, and surgeonfish, family Acanthuridae, were investigated on the leeward side of Bonaire,...
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Introduction:
Since 2010, the Saba Bank falls under the jurisdiction of The Netherlands. Spanning an area of 2000km2, the Saba Bank houses the...
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The extent to which evolution is deterministic (predictable), or random, is a fundamental question in evolution. This case study attempts to...
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Recent research has highlighted the valuable role that coastal and marine ecosystems play in sequestering car- bon dioxide (CO2). The carbon (C)...
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Small Caribbean islands are wonderful showcases of biodiversity. All islands of the Lesser Antilles had equal access to a similar suite of invading...
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The Groundwater resources on the Caribbean Islands of Aruba, Bonaire and Curaçao are limited and of poor quality. The groundwater of the islands is...
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Researchers aboard the Pelagia research vessel have been collecting invaluable data on the Windward islands in the Caribbean during the sixth leg of...
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Action Plan for Yellow-shouldered Amazon consists of:
Threats: habitat loss. poaching, climate changes
Management goals
Recommendations: management...
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Student Report
After six months of ethnographic fieldwork on Saba, a small island in the Caribbean Netherlands, the student developed her thesis...
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The Global Mangrove Alliance’s recent report on the State of the World’s mangroves served as a call to action for mangrove conservation and...
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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
The southern wetlands of Bonaire represent a unique environment for the island. Consisting of a wide variety of habitat types...
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Nederlands below.
A joint experiment between WWF-Mexico and STINAPA Bonaire found that vegetables grown in soil enriched with sargassum had higher...
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Abstract Corals provide habitat for numerous marine species and ecosystem services for global human populations. However, they are vulnerable...
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Abstract
Understanding the patterns and drivers of the spread of exotic species is necessary for limiting their distributions and minimizing their...
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Abstract:
Although Bonaire’s coral reefs remain among the healthiest and most resilient in the Caribbean, this IUCN report based on the IUCN...
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Abstract:
Halophila stipulacea (Hydrocharitaceae) is reported for the first time from Aruba, Curaçao, Grenadines (Grenada), St. Eustatius, St. John (...
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A semi-detailed landscape-based vegetation map (scale: 1: 37,500) is presented for the 21 km2 Lesser Antillean island of St. Eustatius, Netherlands...
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Coral reefs throughout the Caribbean have suffered the effects of human activities, including overfishing, nutrient pollution, and global climate...
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Stenorhynchus seticornis (Yellowline arrow crab) is a decapod crustacean native to the Western Atlantic in tropical and subtropical climates....
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The purpose of this study is to determine if divers are affecting the reproductive behavior of Halichoeres bivittatus, commonly known as slippery...
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Coral reefs face innumerable human-induced threats including climate change, sedimentation, pollution and destructive fishing practices all of which...
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Primary producers release oxygen as the by-product of photosynthetic light reactions during the day. However, a prevalent, globally-occurring...
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Although Bonaire’s coral reefs remain among the healthiest and most resilient in the Caribbean, this IUCN report based on the IUCN Resilience...
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The 2013-2017 Nature Policy for the Caribbean Netherlands flagged the threat of invasive species as a high priority, with recent inventories...
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Accurate species identification of marine mammals is key to improving our knowledge about them, including their distribution, natural history and the...
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The St. Maarten Nature Foundation scientifically researched the impacts of Hurricane Irma on St. Maarten coral reefs using Global Coral Reef...
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Action Plan for Mountain mahogany consists of:
Threats: storms (hurricanes), climate change, volcanic activity
Management goals
Recommendations:...
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Abstract
Bonaire is a Caribbean Island that is part of the Dutch Kingdom. The island is currently facing serious challenges. One of the defined...
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Part of the larger The impacts of climate change on Bonaire (2022-present) report available here.
Summary
Coastal hazards pose a significant threat...
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Nederlands below.
Since 2020, the Mangrove Maniacs have planted over 1500 mangroves along the southwest coast of Bonaire. A new collaborative...
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BioNews is a newsletter produced by the Dutch Caribbean Nature Alliance (DCNA) which focuses on science and conservation in the Dutch Caribbean....
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MSc internship report
The health of coral reefs is threatened by anthropogenic land-based input, which is a global problem. High nutrient conditions...
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Arboviruses (arthropod-borne viruses) are transmitted via blood-feeding arthropods such as mosquitoes, flies, and ticks (1). Aedes mosquitoes are the...
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Abstract
Seagrass meadows provide essential ecosystem services. However, seagrass cover has decreased the past decades, due to climate change and...
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Abstract
Bonaire is a Caribbean Island that is part of the Dutch Kingdom. The island is currently facing serious challenges. One of the...
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Findings
A management plan was prepared in close consultation with a considerable number of stakeholders and stakeholder group representatives.
The...
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Benthic habitats (habitats occurring at the bottom of a water body) and coral reef ecosystems provide many functions. Currently, however, coral reefs...
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Abstract
Despite the increasing dominance of turf algae in coral reefs, few studies have investigated their physiological and ecological responses to...
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The Dutch Caribbean island Bonaire has been protecting its marine resources for more than 35 years and is ranked as one of the Caribbean’s top dive...
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The islands of Aruba, Curaçao and Bonaire together with the Venezuelan islands of Los Monjes, Islas Aves, Los Roques, La Orchila and La Blanquilla...
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Coral reefs are in decline worldwide. While coral reef managers are limited in their ability to tackle global challenges, such as ocean warming,...
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How large was the population of Bonaire, Saba, and St Eustatius on 1 January 2017? How did the economy of each island develop in 2015? What were the...
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The Natural Capital of the Caribbean Netherlands
Ongoing developmental pressures in a context of global environmental change and economic...
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The oceans have shown a recent rapid and accelerating rise in temperature with, given the close link between temperature and marine organisms,...
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This is the second part of the Marine Scientific Assessment The State of Curacao's Coral Reefs document. For part 1 click here, for part 4 here....
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Following the Royal Palace Symposium in the Netherlands
in December 2016, and the harsh call to action by Professor
Jeremy Jackson (Scripps...
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CNSI continues to monitor the vulnerable ecosystems of St. Eustatius coordinated by Data Monitoring Officer (DMO) Kimani Kitson-Walters. Coral reef...
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Summary For Policymakers
This global synthesis report highlights the unique range of values provided by seagrasses to people around the world. It...
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Action Plan for Nassau Grouper consists of:
Threats: overfishing, invasive species, climate change
Management goals
Recommendations: management,...
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Abstract:
Tourism could be discussed as being a damaging phenomenon if not managed correctly as well as being destructive towards its own industry by...
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ABSTRACT:
In the last decade, Caribbean shores have been inundated with a floating seaweed known as Sargassum. In large amounts, Sargassum threatens...
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A new study from Wageningen University & Research (WUR) showed that reef sharks utilize different areas of the reef throughout their lifetime....
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On January 17th, 2022, Mark Zagers, Managing Director of the Saba Electric Company (SEC), officially handed over the keys to Peter Johnson, President...
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ABSTRACT
The seismic network NA (Caribbean Netherlands Seismic Network) in the Caribbean Netherlands is deployed by the Royal Netherlands...
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Abstract Evolutionary tradeoffs between life-history strategies are central to animal evolution. However, because microbes can influence...
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Abstract
Water scarcity is a serious issue on many smaller islands, with population growth and the predicted impacts of climate change as driving...
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Overseas Countries, Territories and Regions (OCT/Ors) of Europe working together for sustainable management and research of biodiversity
In June,...
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Coral reefs serve as an important component of tropical marine ecosystems’ functionality and composition. However, coral cover in the Caribbean reefs...
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During the storm of November 20th, 2016 significant parts of the Paradera catchment in Aruba were flooded. The damage to the roads and houses...
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The history of the critically endangered Kemp’s ridley sea turtle (Lepidochelys kempii) has presented scientists and conservationists with a variety...
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Coastal ecosystems and the services they provide are adversely affected by a wide variety of human activities. In particular, seagrass meadows are...
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For part 1 of this document click here.
WAITT Institute identified eight distinct zones of Curaçao’s nearshore environment. This document contains...
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Increasing concern over Bonaire’s dependence on dive tourism and the importation of food products has led the government to push for the sustainable...
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The project has produced a handbook that aims to provide reef managers with tools, information and recommendations on management of coral reef...
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Until recently the Saba Bank remained a mysterious and largely unexplored off shore atoll falling mostly within the water of the Exclusive Economic...
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The loss of biodiversity by the replacement of invasive species could lead to the loss of functional traits that maintain certain ecosystem services...
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Over millions of people around the globe depend on coral reefs for their livelihood and food. Coral reefs also play an important role in coastal...
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Student Report - University Groningen
Tropical coastal bays often border coral reefs and host connected ecosystems such as seagrass beds and mangrove...
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The project "Resilience Restoration of Nature and Society in the Caribbean Netherlands" contributes to halting the decline of the coral reefs in the...
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BioNews 54 - Dutch Caribbean Newsletter
BioNews is a newsletter produced by the Dutch Caribbean Nature Alliance (DCNA) which focuses on science and...
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Sea-level rise (SLR) is predicted to elevate water depths above coral reefs and to increase coastal wave exposure as ecological degradation limits...
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The World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF-NL), STINAPA, Sea Turtle Conservation Bonaire, The Caribbean Speleological Society, and the Dutch Caribbean...
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This systematic review summarises the data published on the Leptospira seroprevalence, serovar diversity and distribution among animal species in the...
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Located below the hurricane belt in the Netherlands Antilles, the island of Bonaire is rarely affected by major storms and high-wave action. In a...
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ABSTRACT
The Caribbean coastal ecosystem could protect shorelines from wave erosion. Key elements are the calcifying algae (Halimeda spp. and...
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The Caribbean coral reefs showed drastic degradation over the last decades. As most Caribbean islands, Saba is economical dependent on their...
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Using multi-date satellite imagery and field observations, this paper assesses the inferred impacts of September 2017 cyclones on the beaches of...
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The Saba Bank is the largest submerged carbonate platform of 2,200 km2 in the Caribbean Sea, which lies partially within the Exclusive Economic Zone...
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Research-through-designing (RTD) is a method used in the landscape architectural discipline, where designing is used as a research method. Adaptive...
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Abstract:
This document is an orientation to sources of funding for protected areas and biodiversity conservation. It is designed to serve as a...
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DCNA produces BioNews*, a free monthly digital newsletter featuring recent nature related news-items about the Dutch Caribbean as well as overviews...
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After setting sail from Texel, The Netherlands in December 2017, the research vessel Pelagia travelled to Aruba, Bonaire and Curaçao where a multi-...
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Recent studies have indicated that levels of solar ultraviolet radiation (UVR) are increasing globally as ozone is depleted. Ultraviolet radiation...
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Dutch, Papiamentu and Papiamento below
On Friday, January 20th, 2023, Minister of Education, Culture and Science, Mr. Robbert Dijkgraaf, visited the...
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Abstract
Pleistocene environmental changes are generally assumed to have dramatically af-fected species’ demography via changes in habitat...
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The Yarari Marine Mammal Sanctuary (hereafter simply referred to as the Yarari Sanctuary, or Yarari) was formally established on September 2, 2015....
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Abstract: The stratovolcanoes of Mt. Scenery at Saba and The Quill at St. Eustatius in the Caribbean Netherlands, with a total population of about...
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Abstract The brittle star Ophiothrix suensonii is a com- mon coral reef sponge commensal with high dispersal potential. Here, we utilize COI sequence...
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of the mangrove forest in Lac Bay, Bonaire is an environmental issue. Mangrove forests
surround Lac Bay. Lac Bay has a status as RAMSAR site (RAMSAR...
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Coral reefs are among the most valuable and threatened ecosystems on Earth. Lower species diversity, and subsequently reduced resilience, make...
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Summary:
We review the conservation status of, and threats to, all 346 species of seabirds, based on BirdLife International’s data and assessments...
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Sargassum is a genus of brown macroalgae or seaweed that can be found in shallow waters or free floating in the ocean. Sargassum patches on the open...
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Curaçao and Bonaire form part of the Netherlands Antilles, while Aruba has a “status aparte” within the Kingdom of the Netherlands. All three islands...
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Sea level rise (SLR) and disturbances from increased storm activity are expected to diminish coastal ecosystems available to nesting species by...
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Abstract:
This case study examines several aspects of civil society participation in biodiversity conservation in Bonaire that have been of...
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Abstract
Some excavating sponges of the genus Cliona compete with live reef corals, often kill- ing and bioeroding entire colonies. Important aspects...
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Marine anemones influence oceanic food webs, partake in symbiotic relationships with many marine phyla, and can prove detrimental to coral reef...
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Dutch below
(Hammerhead) sharks play an important role in maintaining healthy oceans, which is important for the fisheries and the economy of the...
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Abstract:
Between 1.5 and 2 million people worldwide are believed to keep marine aquaria. The trade which supplies this hobby with live marine...
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A growing body of knowledge on the diversity and evolution of intertidal isopods across different regions worldwide has enhanced our understanding on...
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In the Caribbean Netherlands, on Saba, St. Eustatius and St. Maarten, the Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute (KNMI) deploys the seismic...
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Lionfish are an invasive species that are now well established throughout the Atlantic. Originally from the Indo-Pacific, they have decimated local...
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The Dutch Caribbean Nature Alliance (DCNA) and World Wide Fund for Nature Netherlands (WWF-NL) are proud to support Caribbean Cetacean Society’s (CCS...
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Highlights
The configuration of coral communities determines ecosystems’ functioning.
There is a high variation in the functional contribution of...
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Abstract
Benzophenone-3 (BP-3; oxybenzone) is an ingredient in sunscreen lotions and personal-care products that protects against the damaging...
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Throughout the Caribbean, like in the rest of the world, the abundance of marine fish species have been
declining over the past decades. The health...
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Abstract
Lac Cai is one of the lagoons in the Dutch Caribbean with a high environmental value which attracts a lot of tourism to the area. Lac Cai is...
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Abstract
Tropical dry forests experience pronounced seasonal changes in precipitation mani-
fested in varied plant phenologies. At landscape scales...
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Abstract
The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) aim to elicit global mobilization to implement the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, and are...
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Abstract
The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) aim to elicit global mobilization to implement the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, and are...
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The coasts of Curacao as well as the other leeward islands of the Netherlands Antilles, consists predominately of limestone cliffs, cut into...
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Abstract:
The Quaternary volcanogenic landscape and the volcanogenic sediments of the Netherlands Antilles (NA) (Aruba, Bonaire, Curaçao) reflect the...
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Global change will compromise the population sizes, species ranges, and survival of economically-important plants and animals, including crops,...
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The Caribbean Netherlands island of Saba is home to a unique but relatively unknown iguana population. Given the many threats faced by islands...
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The capacity of coral reefs to maintain their structurally complex frameworks and to retain the potential for vertical accretion is vitally important...
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Nederlands, Papiamento and Papiamentu below.
The Dutch Caribbean Nature Alliance (DCNA) and the World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF-NL) are pleased...
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The Caribbean Netherlands consists of three islands: Bonaire, Sint Eustatius and Saba, all located in the Caribbean Sea. Since 2010 each island is...
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Wageningen Marine Research (WMR) and Boneiru Duradero (BD) supported by World Wide Fund for Nature the Netherlands (WWF-NL)organised a Sunscreen...
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The unique natural world of the Caribbean part of the Kingdom plays the leading role in a special cinema film entitled WOW!. This was announced...
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Nederlands and Papiamento below.
Researchers from the Florida Atlantic University and University of California recently discovered a new species of...
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Dutch, Papiamentu, Papiamento, and French below
Have you ever wondered what kind of species you are seeing around you? A beautiful lizard, flower, or...
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Dutch Below
Red-billed Tropicbirds were once thought to be rare visitors to the Southern Caribbean, however, there has been an increase in sightings...
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St. Eustatius is a small island in the Caribbean that belongs to the Kingdom of the Netherlands. Its existing harbour is due for upgrades and repairs...
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Since 2011, unprecedented beaching events of Sargassum seaweed have caused major environmental, health and economic problems in the Caribbean, Gulf...
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Abstract:
On 10 October 2010 Bonaire, Saba and St. Eustatius became ‘special municipalities’ of the Netherlands, making the Dutch government...
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Abstract:
This report presents the findings of an assessment of capacity building needs for the management of marine protected areas (MPAs) in the...
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A new guide from MPAConnect, a partnership between GCFI and NOAA Coral Program, seeks to help Caribbean marine natural resource managers who are...
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Representatives from 15 Caribbean marine national parks recently met on the island of Saba in the Caribbean Netherlands to focus on their role in...
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Tourism is an attractive development option for countries where other alternatives for development are limited. It namely creates among others...
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Dutch, Papiamentu and Papiamento below
Parrotfish are more than just a pretty face. The average parrotfish spends up to 90% of its day cleaning the...
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In 2016 the Government of Aruba in partnership with TNO Caribbean was awarded the BEST 2.0 Program grant to establish Marine Protected Areas (...
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A review of the introduced agricultural pests and animal and plant diseases and vectors for the Dutch Caribbean in which a total of 47 exotic pests,...
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Abstract
The importance of mangrove and seagrass lagoonal habitats as nursery areas for many reef-associated fish species is well established in the...
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Bonaire might have been on lockdown in 2020, but that didn’t keep Sea Turtle Conservation Bonaire from working hard. Their recently published annual...
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Dutch and Papiamentu below
Kralendijk, Bonaire – 10th of November – In 2018 , Naturalis Biodiversity Center conducted the first mosquito survey for...
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On October 22st, 2021, the first ever recorded Diadema sea urchins in the Caribbean were cultured on Saba. Diadema sea urchins are important grazers...
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The Mangrove Restoration Workshop was held between October 25 - 28, 2021. The goal was to bring together researchers, conservationists, park...
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The Dutch Caribbean Biodiversity Database (DCBD; www.dcbd.nl) is a nature and biodiversity web-platform for the Dutch Caribbean funded by the Dutch...
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Nederlands and Papiamentu below.
Organized by CCS with the support of WWF and DCNA
As of August 15th through August 30th, the sixth joint scientific...
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Nederlands and Papiamentu below
The whale and dolphin research program Ti Whale An Nou started March 25, 2022 and the objective is to study the...
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Background
The Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) is an international treaty that was initiated by the United Nations Environment Programme (...
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Abstract:
The aim of this study was to draft a generic ecological assessment framework for coastal systems in Caribbean Netherlands (CN) that offers...
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Abstract
Mangroves are important intertidal forests that exist in tropical and subtropical areas around
the world. They are important coastal...
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Although coral reefs occupy less than 1% of the ocean floor, nearly a third of all marine species can be found on or around these reefs (McAllister,...
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Vegetation maps are a primary and essential tool in biodiversity science, conservation, management, and monitoring as well as in land-use management...
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For the special municipalities of the Netherlands, Bonaire, St. Eustatius and Saba, the Ministry of Agriculture, Nature and Food Quality is...
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Summary:
Recent inventories have documented no less than 211 exotic alien species in the wild for the Dutch Caribbean. These amount to no less than...
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Nederlands and Papiamentu below.
Lac Bay is a unique tourism hot spot which boasts a wide array of habitats from fringing coral reefs to expansive...
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This book will let you dive into the underwater worl of the Saba Bank and gives you an introduction to its amazing biodiversity. At the same time you...
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The Caribbean Research and Management of Biodiversity (CARMABI) recently highlighted some big changes and impressive achievements for Curaçao during...
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Sea Turtle Conservation Bonaire (STCB) has been protecting sea turtles on Bonaire since 1991, so this year represents the 26th Anniversary of our...
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Dutch below
Likely introduced via the exotic pet industry, boa constrictors have had an island-wide population on Aruba since 2005. The impact of boa...
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Summary The Government of Bonaire has requested Wageningen Marine Research (WMR) to research the composition of the sand used to construct the...
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In July 2017, Environmental Protection in the Caribbean (EPIC) Foundation initiated a project to restore coastal and terrestrial biodiversity by...
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Approach:
Eutrophication is a common threat to the integrity of coral reefs as it can cause altered balance and integrity of the reef ecosystem. On...
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Abstract:
The Netherlands are signatories of the international Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD). This implies that the nation will protect...
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Although it’s now becoming widely accepted that coral reefs are degrading quickly on a global scale, there have been very few long-term studies where...
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Unlike coral reef and mangrove forest ecosystems, public recognition and multiple values of seagrass beds have only but recently been gaining...